Assertion (A): Most of magnetic circuits have an air gap.

Reason (R): An air gap has high reluctance.

Assertion (A): A VMOS can handle much larger current than other field effect transistors.

Reason (R): In a VMOS the conducting channel is very narrow.

1. If a coil with resistance R is connected in direct measurement mode and if the residual resistance of Q-meter is 0.1 R, then the measure Q of the coil would be 1.1 times the actual Q.
2. If the inductance to be measured is less than 0.1 mH, the error due to presence of residual inductance cannot be neglected.
3. The presence of distributed capacitance in a coil modifies the effective Q of the coil.

Assertion (A): If Z₁(s) and Z₂(s) are positive real then Z₁(s) + Z₂(s) as well as 1/Z₁(s) and 1/Z₂(s) are positive real.

Reason (R): The poles of a positive real function are real or occur in conjugate pairs.

Assertion (A): Laplace transform of impulse function is equal to area under the impulse.

Reason (R): An impulse function whose area is unity is called unit impulse function.