1. RAL instruction rotates ACC contents left by 1 bit
2. When RAL instruction is executed once the binary number gets doubled
3. STC means set CY to 1

1. A pure capacitor never dissipates energy, but only stores.
2. Capacitor can store finite amount of energy even cunent is zero.
3. The current through a capacitor is zero if voltage across it d.c.
4. Voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously since it would require an infinite current.
5. q_c(0^-) = q_c(0⁺)

Assertion (A): In reverse biased p-n junction, the reverse saturation current is nearly constant if the reverse voltage is less than critical value.

Reason (R): The total reverse current is sum of reverse saturation current and surface leakage current.