Assertion (A): At a temperature of 1000 K, thermionic emission current is about 0.1 A/cm² of surface.

Reason (R): Thermionic emission current is given by I_th = SA₀ T² e^-Ew/kT.

Assertion (A): In AM carrier component remains constant in amplitude and frequency.

Reason (R): In AM the two side bands are images of each other.

1. The sign of a floating point number depends on the sign of mantissa only.
2. If the absolute value of a number is less than 1, the sign of exponent is zero or positive.
3. With sign bit of mantissa as 0, increasing the exponent from a positive to a more positive value gives a larger floating point number.

1. An array has a fixed predetermined number of components.
2. Any component of an array can be accessed using an index.
3. An array variable name refers to a group of quantities by a single name.
4. When array variables are used an appropriate declaration is required.

Assertion (A): In the interaction region of magnetron an electron is subjected to three forces: force due to electric field, force due to magnetic field and centrifugal force.

Reason (R): The mechanism of generation of microwaves, in a magnetron, involves interaction of electromagnetic fields with electrons moving in static electric and magnetic fields oriented at right angles to each other.