Assertion (A): In KVL equations involving mutually coupled circuits the sign of M terms can be positive or negative.

Reason (R): Dot convention helps in determining sign of M terms in KVL equations.

1. Mesh is the smallest loop of circuit
2. Loop is smallest path of circuit
3. Loop does not contain any mesh
4. Loop may have one or more than one mesh

Assertion (A): Electronic and Ionic polarization in a polyatomic gas are independent of temperature.

Reason (R): The orientation polarization is independent of temperature.

Assertion (A): If minimum phase system has a gain margin of 8 dB and phase margin of 21°, the system is stable.

Reason (R): For a minimum phase system both GM and PM must be positive for the system to be stable.

Assertion (A): Diamond and carborudum are both very hard materials.

Reason (R): Valence band can be extremely strong.

Match the following:

Assertion (A): In series R-L-C circuit, the current may lead or lag the voltage depending on the value of R.

Reason (R): Phase angle of an R-L series circuit is tan^-1 (ωL/R).

1. The centre frequency is determined by the pitch of IDT comb shaped electrodes
2. The response can be modified shaping the overlap of comb electrodes
3. The response is maximum when acoustic wave has its wavelength equal to pitch
4. When a number of identical electrodes are arranged at the same pitch, the frequency characteristics of the filter is expressed by (sin x)/x

1. It is of non-minimum phase behaviour
2. It normally exists in thermal, hydraulic and pneumatic systems
3. It has an excessive phase lag with no attenuation at high frequency

Assertion (A): The carry look ahead adder is very fast

Reason (R): The carry look ahead adder generates the carry and sum digits directly.