Assertion (A): For a reciprocal microwave junction the S matrix is symmetrical.

Reason (R): In a symmetrical matrix S_ij = S_ji.

Assertion (A): The horizontal intercept of dc load line is the same as ideal cut off point

Reason (R): When a transistor is in cut off region, collector current is zero

1. A signed or unsigned real variable name or a real constant is a real expression.
2. Two real expressions connected by an arithmetic operator is a real expression.
3. A real variable or constant exponential by an integer constant or integer variable is not valid

Assertion (A): Germanium is more commonly used than silicon.

Reason (R): Forbidden gap in germanium is less than that in silicon.

1. applying anode voltage at a sufficient fast rate
2. applying sufficiently large anode voltage
3. increasing the temperature of SCR to a sufficiently
4. applying sufficiently large gate current.

Assertion (A): Holes are majority carriers in p type semiconductor.

Reason (R): In p type semiconductor, the electrons produced by thermal agitation recombine with holes.