Assertion (A): A class C chopper can operate in first and second quadrants

Reason (R): A class B chopper operates only in second quadrant.

Assertion (A): In a serial in-serial out shift register, access is available only to the left most or right most flip flops

Reason (R): If the output of a shift register is feedback to serial input it can be used as a ring counter.

Assertion (A): A VMOS can handle much larger current than other field effect transistors.

Reason (R): In a VMOS the conducting channel is very narrow.

1. The sign of a floating point number depends on the sign of mantissa only.
2. If the absolute value of a number is less than 1, the sign of exponent is zero or positive.
3. With sign bit of mantissa as 0, increasing the exponent from a positive to a more positive value gives a larger floating point number.

Assertion (A): Power drain of CMOS increases with operating frequency

Reason (R): All unused CMOS inputs should be tied either to a fixed voltage level (0 or V_DD) or to another input.

Assertion (A): In an intrinsic semiconductor J = (μ_n x μ_p)en_i.

Reason (R): Intrinsic charge concentration n_i at temperature T is given by n_i² = A₀ T³ e^-E_G0/kT.